English+II

English II Unit 1

** English II List of Generative Vocabulary - Definitions and Etymologies ** ** Unit 1 **  __unutterably__ **// –adverb: //** not communicable by speaking; beyond expression    un- = “not”+ uttren (ME) + ablis (L) + ly = “to speak” rom M.L.G. //utern// "to turn out, show, speak" // Related: // utter, utterable, utterance, unuttered, ((uttermost)) (RL) Templeton writes the words vertically, aligning the common letters. This is a good way for students to actually "see" the common root and in cases where the spelling is impacted, the visual is even stronger. The related words listed are words that come from the same root and prove to student that in learning one word part, they have learned multiple words. See the example below (Wikispaces wants to flush all my margins left, but line it up on the board/screen so that the common letters are aligned) **utter**ance **utter**able un**utter**able un**utte**rably ((**utter**most))-Some sources include this word in the group. Utter here is an intensification of **ut**-, as in utmost where ut means //out//. However, the ME word for out, traces its roots back to the same source as //utter//, which means to speak //out//.
 * utter **

__sophistication__-**//noun//:** Originally, this word had a negative connotation, “adulterated, corrupted,” coming from //sophiste.// That came via other words meaning “to play subtle tricks; skilled, clever, wise.” The word “sophistication” has evolved in the 20th century to mean “worldly wise, cultured, refined and elaborate” (//Dictionary of Word Origins// 489). // sophisticated // from L. //sophista, sophistes//, from Gk. //sophistes//, from //sophizesthai// "to become wise or learned;" from //sophos// "wise, clever," of unknown origin +-//tion// = suffix forming nouns from verbs //Related//: sophistry, sophisticate, sophisticated, sophomore __presumptuous__ //** –adjective: **// Going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward from //prae (LL)// "before"+ //sumere//

= = suffix forming adjectives from nouns, meaning "having, full of, having to do with, doing, inclined to" "to take"+//ous// // Related: // sumptuous __ despair __ -- **//noun//:** the feeling that everything is wrong and nothing will turn out well; **//noun//:** a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly **//verb//:** abandon hope; give up hope; lose heart; the feeling that everything is wrong and nothing will turn out well from Latin from //de-// ="without" + //spes// ="hope" // Related // : Despaired  //;//  despairing  //;//  despairingly

** Unit 2 ** __irrational__ //** – adjective: **// without the faculty of reason; deprived of reason; without or deprived of normal mental clarity or sound judgment. from L. //irrationalis// "without reason," from //in-// "not" + //rationalis// "reason" __segregation__ -**//noun//:** the act of segregating or sequestering; a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups from Latin - //se// ="apart from" + //grege =// "herd, flock" +-//tion//= suffix forming nouns from verbs // Related: // congregate, congregation, aggregate, egregious, gregarious __inhabitant__ – **// noun //** : a person or animal that lives or dwells in a place, esp. as a permanent resident from Latin - //in-// ="in" + //habere// = "to have, to dwell " + //-ant// = one that undergoes a specified action. //Habere// was also used for “be” in the sense of one’s “state or condition” in both “outward condition or appearance” and “inner condition, quality, nature, or character” (//Dictionary of Word Origins// 270). //Related:// inhabit, habitation, habit __inscription__ - **//–noun //** a historical, religious, or other record cut, impressed, painted, or written on stone, brick, metal, or other hard surface; a brief, usually informal dedication, as of a book or a work of art; a note, as a dedication, that is written and signed by hand in a book from Latin - //in =// "in" + //scribere=// “ t o write" + -//tion//= suffix forming nouns from verbs    // Related: // ascribe, describe, conscription, prescription, scribble, script, transcribe     __descend__ -**//verb//:** move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; come as if by falling; do something that one considers to be below one's dignity; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example    from Latin - //de-// = "come down or sink" + //scandere// ="to climb"    // Related // : descendent, condescend, ascend

** Unit 3 ** __unaccountable__ **// –adjective //**** : ** impossible to account for; unexplained; inexplicable; exempt from being called to account; not answerable from [|**//un//****//-//**] "not" + from Latin – //computare =// “calculate” + -able=suffix expressing ability, capacity, fitness. The verb meaning “to reckon for money given or received” is from the late 14c in the sense of “to explain.” // Related: // account, accountability, discount __indelible__- **//adjective//:** cannot be removed, washed away or erased from Latin - //in-// = "not" + //delebilis// =  "able to be destroyed" // Related: // delete, deleted, deleting __malefactions__ **//– //** **// noun //** evil deeds; crimes; wrongdoings from //male//

="badly" + //facere// = "to do"+//-tion//= suffix forming nouns from verbs // Related: // malefactor, factory //__conventional__// - //based// on or in accordance with general agreement, use, or practice; customary from Latin – //convenire// = "unite, be suitable, agree, assemble," from //com-// "together" + //venire// "to come" + //-al// = “of, like, related to” //Related:// convene, convention, conventionality, coven, convenience, convenient __equivalent__ **//adjective//:** being essentially equal to something; equal in amount or value from Latin - //aequus// ="level or even" + //valere// = "be well, be worth" // Related: // equanimity, equation, equator, equidistant, equilibrium, equinox, equity, valiant __ contending __**//– //** **// verb //** to struggle in opposition; to strive in rivalry; compete; vie; to strive in debate; dispute earnestly from //com-// = “together, together with, in combination” + //tendere// = "to stretch" (Note: This one seems more difficult to understand. How does “to stretch together” mean “to struggle”? When you think about it, though, if two people were holding a huge piece of elastic stretching it, that would cause a “struggle in opposition,” the definition of the word “contend.”) // Related: // distend, extend, intend, portend, pretend, ostensible, tendency, tense, tension

** Unit 4 ** __deregulated__ **// – verb //** to remove controls/regulations on      from Latin - //de-// = “  not, do the opposite of, undo” + //regulare// =  "to control by rule, direct” (Note: //Rule,//related to //regulare//, goes back to the Latin regula meaning “straight stick, ruler, rule, pattern.”)     //Related:// rule, regular, regal, rector, royal, royalty, regent    __ commitment __ - **//noun//:** the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action      from Latin //committere// meaning “to unite, connect, combine, to bring together”; from - //com-//

="together" + //mittere +// "to put, send"(branched out to mean “entrust”) + -ment= suffix forming nouns // Related: // committee, commission, commissar, missile, mission __anonymity__ - **// noun: //** the state or quality of being unknown or unacknowledged; the state of being without a name from Greek - //an-// ="without" + //onyma//, Æolic dialectal form of //onoma// = "name" // Related: // name, anonymous, nominate, noun, synonym, synonymous __circumstance__ - **//noun//:** a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity from Latin – //circum- =// “around” + //statuere =// “cause to stand, erect, establish” //Related:// stance, stand, state, status, substance