English+IV

English IV Unit 1 ** English IV List of Generative Vocabulary-Definitions and Etymologies **

** Unit 1 **

__reparation__ **// –noun //** the making of amends for wrong or injury done: //reparation for an injustice.//

from Latin: //re- =// "again" + //reparare// "restore" ( also //parare =// "make ready, prepare") + //-tio// (gen. //-tionis// ) forming nouns of condition and action Related words: repair, pare

RL) Templeton writes the words vertically, aligning the common letters. This is a good way for students to actually "see" the common root and in cases where the spelling is impacted, the visual is even stronger. The related words listed are words that come from the same root and prove to student that in learning one word part, they have learned multiple words. See the example below (Wikispaces wants to flush all my margins left, but line it up on the board/screen so that the common letters are aligned) **par**e (to trim, arrange, make ready)  pre**par**e (make ready ahead of time)  re**pa**i**r** (to mend, put back in order; why do you think there is an i in -pair?)  re**par**ation

__ superfluities __ - **// noun //** excesses; superabundant or excessive amounts; luxuries

//super// "over"+ //fluere// "to flow"+ //-itatem// //(//L) (nom. //-itas// ), suffix denoting state or condition

__ calumniate __ **// – verb //** criticize with false and malicious statements; slander.

from //calumniari (L) =// "to accuse falsely"

__ avarice __ **// – noun //** insatiable greed for riches; inordinate, miserly desire to gain and hoard wealth.

from //avaritia (L) =// "greed"; also adj. form of //avere (L) =// "crave, long for."

** Unit 2 **

__ surfeited __ - **//adjective form of noun//** meaning excess or overindulgence in eating or drinking.

from O.Fr.- //surfet// "excess," noun; also pp. of //surfaire// "overdo; " from //sur-// "over" + //faire// "do"

__ nonpareil __ **// – adjective //** having no equal; peerless

from M.Fr.- //non-// ="not" + //pareil// = "equal."

__ pernicious __ **// – adjective //** 1. causing insidious harm or ruin; ruinous; injurious; hurtful; 2. deadly; fatal//;// 3//.// evil; wicked.

from //perniciosus// (L) = from //pernicies// = "destruction, death, ruin”; from //per-// ="completely" + //necis// = "violent death, murder"; related to //necare// ="to kill"; //nocere// = “to hurt, injure, harm”; and //noxa// = "harm, injury"

__ interdiction __ - **//noun//** authoritative prohibition

from O.Fr. //entredit//, pp. of //entredire// ="forbid by decree"; also from //interdicere// (L)= "interpose by speech, prohibit"; from //inter-// "between" + //dicere// = "to speak, to say"

__ intemperance __ - **//noun//** immoderate indulgence of bodily appetites

from //in-// ="not" + //temperantia// (L)= "moderation"

** Unit 3 **

__ encumbrance __ - **//noun//** a charge against property (as a lien or mortgage); an onerous or difficult concern ; any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome

from //in-// (L) = "in" + //combrus =// "barricade, obstacle" +-ance = suffix attached to verbs to form abstract nouns of process or fact, or of state or quality

__ parsimony __ - **//noun//** extreme care in spending money; reluctance to spend money unnecessarily; extreme stinginess

from //parsimonia// (L) = "sparingness, frugality; also from //parcere// ="to spare, save" + //-monia// = suffix signifying action or condition

__ vindication __ -­­ **//noun//** the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.; the justification for some act or belief

probably from //vim dicare// (L) = "to show authority"; also from //vis =// "force" + root of //dicere =// "to say" + //-tio// (gen. //-tionis// ) forming nouns of condition and action

__ evanescent __ - **//adjective//** tending to vanish like vapor from //evanescere// ="disappear, vanish"; also from //ex-// = "out" + //vanescere// = "vanish."

__ corporeal __**//adjective//** having material or physical form or substance; affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit

from //corpus// (L) = "body" (living or dead) + -al = suffix forming adjectives from nouns or other adjectives

inarticulate - **//adjective//** without or deprived of the use of speech or words

from //in-// "not" + //articulare// (L) = "to utter distinctly"

** Unit 4 **

__ officious __ - **//adjective//** intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //officiosus// (L) = "dutiful”; also from //officium =// "duty, service" __NOTE__: Sense of "meddlesome, doing more than is asked or required" had emerged by 1600 (in //officiously// ).

__ munificence __ - **//noun//** liberality in bestowing gifts; extremely liberal and generous of spirit

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //munificus// (L) = "generous, bountiful, liberal"; also from //munus// (gen. //muneris// ) "gift or service, duty, office" <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">+ //facere// = "to do"

__ conflagration __ - **//noun//** a very intense and uncontrolled fire

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //conflagrare// (L) "to burn up"; from //com-// = intensive prefix + //flagrare// + "to burn"

__ debase __ - **//verb//** lower in value, quality, or dignity; to cheapen

from [|**//de-//**] "down" + [|**//base//**] "low"

__incarnate__ - **//adjective//** invested with a bodily form especially of a human body; possessing or existing in bodily form; personified

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //incarnate (L),// pp. of //incarnare =// "to make flesh"; from //in-// "in" + //caro// (gen. //carnis// )= "flesh"

__ deprecation __ - **//noun//** the act of expressing disapproval (especially of yourself)

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //deprecari// (L) = "plead in excuse, avert by prayer," lit. "to pray (something) away"; also from //de-// = "away" + //precari// (L) "pray." Sense of "disapproval" is first attested 1610s.

** Unit 5 **

__ expostulate __ **// – verb //** to reason earnestly with someone against something that person intends to do or has done; remonstrate: //His father expostulated with him about the evils of gambling.//

//ex-// =intensive prefix + //postulare// (L)= "to demand"

__ postmortem __ - **//noun//** an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">from //post// "after" + //mortem(L)//, accusative of //mors// = "death"

__ invincible __ - **//adjective//** incapable of being overcome or subdued

//in-// "not" + //vincibilis(L)// "conquerable"; also from //vincere// "to overcome"

__ animate __**//- verb//** give new life or energy to; to stimulate to action or effort; inspire

//from animare (L)// ="give breath to"; from //animus// (L)= "soul, mind, courage, desire<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">"; from //anima// (L) = "life, breath"

__ indomitable __ **// –adjective //** that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons, will, or courage; unconquerable

//in-// ="not" + //domitare (L),// freq. of //domare// (L)= "to tame or subdue"+ -//able// = suffix expressing ability, capacity, fitness